The Relationship Between Toddlers And Parents - 2890 Words

The Benefits of Parents in Toddler Language Development The relationship between toddlers and parents is very important to developing key literacy skills. These key literacy skills are tasks such as reading, writing, and speaking their language correctly. Although it may not seem crucial that the father and mother must be one of their child’s â€Å"teachers†, it should be their duty to help their child develop a starting stage for school. Parents must engage with their child from the moment they are born. This includes simply holding them, speaking to them, reading to them; building up that safe and secure relationship to let the child know they are in good hands. Too many people underestimate the importance of the relationship with their mother and father. Building that initial bond from birth will create a safe environment for the child to grow up and learn from their parents. In multiple studies, children are compared to other children with language delays in speaking and reading, parent-child interactions are exa mined, parents talk with the researchers about goals for their children, and toddlers are observed reading. Using these studies, toddler language development will be compared with toddlers who have language delays and parent-child interactions will be examined to explain why they are imperative to helping develop their child’s language. To begin, children vary in the amount of language they know based on how they were raised. Children who are said to haveShow MoreRelated Theories of Attachment: The Importance of Bonding with Infants and Toddlers1196 Words   |  5 Pagesbrand new experience full of new sights and sounds, and their parents are their first teacher who educates them about the new environment around them. In addition, they learn about their surroundings through touch which is an important part of the way infants observe this strange new world. Babies and toddlers learn about the way relationships are formed through becoming attached to their parents and bondi ng with them. Infants and toddlers love hugs, kisses, gentle caresses from their mom and dad asRead MoreWhat Are The Goals Of Early Head Start?1712 Words   |  7 Pagesnfant to Age Five Child Care What are the goals of Early Head Start? The goals or priorities of this is to provide safe and developmentally enriching caregiving. To support parent, mother and father, in the role as primary caregivers. The teaching of the children, and family in meeting personal goals. Being able to successfully achieve self sufficiency across a wide variety of domains. Communities being mobilized to provide proper resources and environment that is necessary. But also, to ensureRead MoreThe, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, Wheres Spot?1694 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies suggest that reading aloud to infants and toddlers has positive impacts on their brain development. According to the U.S. Department of Education, â€Å"Children develop much of their capacity for learning in the first three years of life, when their brains grow to 90 percent of their eventual adult weight† (Start Early, Finish Strong). Seeing that the most substantial brain development occurs during the first three years of life, infants and toddlers should be frequently read aloud to as a methodRead MoreTransition Of Child Care : Associations With Infant Mother Attachments, Infant Negative Emotion, And Cortisol Elevations1155 Words   |  5 PagesInfant-Mother Attachments, Infant Negative Emotion, and Cortisol Elevations Kelsie Turman Texas Woman s University Introduction Separation protests in infancy have shown to be a fascinating subject for researchers and parents alike. The belief that attachment figures are seen as a source of security, and that separation is stressful during infancy, was strengthened when research was conducted on activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. ResearchRead MoreErik Eriksons Attachment Theory Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesthis certain stage, parents begin to help children take some personal responsibility, such as toilet training, feeding, and dressing. A Toddler realizes that they are a separate person with their own desires. They will notice that they want to do things by themselves, and they will try to explore their world around them. If the toddler is able to explore with certain boundaries, the toddler will most likely develop a sense of self-sufficiency. On the other hand, if the parents are never satisfiedRead MoreRationale Statement : The Development And Implementation Of The Cur riculum1639 Words   |  7 PagesRationale Statement: â€Å"Relationships are the foundation of the development and implementation of the curriculum for the infants and toddlers. Responsive caregiving and use of individual caregiving routines(for example, nappy changing, meals, sleep) provide the frame for curriculum implementation. Parents should be involved to take appropriate decision about the children’s learning and development†. Introduction: Over the past few years, research in neuroscience and developmental psychology has createRead MoreEffects Of Children s Television On Language Development Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesreported that children between the ages of two and five watched television on average 32 hours a week - an eight year high. Parents’ opinions on their children’s television viewing has contributed to this upward trend. In 2014, the Joan Ganz Cooney Center surveyed 1,557 parents of children between the ages of 2 and 10; they found that 44% of parents believed that children’s television enhanced learning. In addition, the center reported that 78% of parents of children between the ages of two and fiveRead MorePersonal Caregiving : Childhood Development Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesJournal #2 The first few years of life are arguably the most foundational years that people experience throughout life. The way individuals treat infants and toddlers can affect the way they behave and interact with others throughout their lives. A secure attachment that formed between a child and his or her caregiver can manifest itself as young as 9 months old. When individuals consider the current research on childhood development, it becomes apparent that caregivers should make every effortRead MoreEssay On Touchscreen Media1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloping. Little research has been done to assess the longer-term developmental implications of toddlers using touchscreens (Bedford, Saez de Urabain, Cheung, Karmiloff-Smith Smith, 2016). Whilst Bedford et al. (2016) may argue that touchscreen media does not effect a child’s development, research by Cheung et al. (2017) suggests that using touchscreen devices can have a detrimental effect on toddlers sleeping patterns, leading to co gnitive disabilities. This leads psychologists to debate whetherRead MoreInfant Of Age Five Child Care1661 Words   |  7 PagesInfant to Age Five Child Care What are the goals of Early Head Start? The goals or priorities of this is to provide safe and developmentally enriching caregiving. To support parent, mother and father, in the role as primary caregivers. The teaching of the children, and family in meeting personal goals. Being able to successfully achieve self sufficiency across a wide variety of domains. Communities being mobilized to provide proper resources and environment that is necessary. But also, to ensure

Reasons for Russias October Revolution - 922 Words

What were the reasons for the October revolution? The revolution in Russia started spontaneously in February 1917 when the Bolsheviks leader Vladimir Lenin plotted to overthrow the government and take power. The Tsar in Russia Nicholas II was abdicated in March 1917 and the provisional committee of the Duma formed the provisional government. The â€Å"duel power† interrupted the government authority and the soviets were in control. Now the provisional government decided to continue with the war because western allies were needed. That was a mistake along other major mistakes such as putting off the promised reforms which of course did upset the peasants and the government also postponed the election. After the fail of the February revolution Lenin returned to Russia in April and he released his new thesis that stated that the Bolsheviks supports the Soviets. With the Bolsheviks representing only 10% Lenin attempt to advocate a break with the provisional government failed. The July days between the 3rd and the 6th were a disa ster for the Bolsheviks. The demonstrations were easily crushed by the government and members of the Bolsheviks were arrested. In August, general Kornilov who hated the left-wing including Lenin and the soviets plotted for a right-wing revolt he wanted to protect Petrograd from the Germans. His attempt was not successful. The Kornilov arrest influenced Kerensky and he feared the worst and released the Bolsheviks prisoners. In September with the BolsheviksShow MoreRelated1917 Russian Revolution Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesRussian Revolution Essay. Throughout history there have been many revolutions between the population of a country and its government. People always want change, usually in the directions of freedom, peace and equality and in the lead up to the 1917 Russian revolution; there were a variety of social, political and economic situations that all played their part. In the years leading up to the revolution, Russia had been involved in a series of wars. The Crimean war, The Russo-Turkish war, The Russo-JapaneseRead MoreRussian Revolution Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Why were there two revolutions in Russia in 1917? Why did the Provisional Government exist for mere months, yet the Bolsheviks had consolidated their authority in the country by Lenin’s death in 1924?† Between February and October in 1917, two revolutions occurred due to the Governments failing to fulfill the needs of the Russian people. With the Tsar in power during Bloody Sunday that formed riots and Government unrest and also the Russo-Japanese War and World War One that left the Russian peopleRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171594 Words   |  7 PagesThe Russian Revolution of 1917 did not just suddenly happen overnight, just as there was no main reason why it happened. The Revolution was more like a virus or bad bacteria. At first you barely notice it, even though you know it is there, but soon it starts to multiply and take over your body and before you know it you have been diagnosed with a terminal illness. There are about 4 or 5 significant reasons why there was the revolution of 1917, with the Russian Tsar Nicolas II to be the blame forRead More‚Äà ºLeft Wing Single Party States Achieve Power as the Result of a Revolutionary Process Against Tradition.â₠¬Å¡Ãƒâ€žÃƒ ¹ Does This Adequately Explain How Any One Single Party State That You Have Studied Acquired Power?1683 Words   |  7 Pagesany one single party state that you have studied acquired power? In 1917, a revolution took place in Russia that overthrew the traditional Tsarist regime and brought a single party state, the Bolshevik Party, into power. The Bolshevik party harnessed the revolutionary spirit from the overthrow of the Tsarist regime in order to overthrow the Provisional government and eventually seize power. There are several reasons that the Bolshevik Party went against tradition including the failure of the TsaristRead MoreEssay on Tsars Survival of 1905531 Words   |  3 PagesTsars Survival of 1905 Some say the Tsar was lucky to survive the revolution of 1905. There are many different reasons why the Tsar survived and there are also many different reasons his position was put under threat in the first place. Russia at the time before its split was a huge country and consequently this would have meant the people would have a diverse opinion on how the country should be run and who should run it. This would have also meant a lot ofRead MoreWhy Did the 1905 Revolution Fail746 Words   |  3 PagesWhy did the 1905 revolution fail? One of the main reasons that the 1905 revolution failed was because the October Manifesto merely only satisfied the middle classes’ appetite for reform. However this was only a short term change in government therefore it was not really a revolution because the changes were not permanent. To add, the readiness of the liberals to accept the government’s political and economical bribes indicted that they were not genuinely ready for a revolution at this time. FurthermoreRead MoreHow Far Was the First World War the Main Cause of the Fall of the Romanovs in February 1917?1254 Words   |  6 PagesFirst World War, which began in 1914 was the main reason for the fall of Tsarism in February 1917. However, there is more evidence to suggest that it was not in fact the war that lead to the downfall of the Tsar, but other factors such as the lack of effective leadership by the Tsar and the fact that the Duma, his appointed government, had little power to make change. One important reason why it could be seen that the First World War was the reason for the fall of Tsarism is the fact that in 1915Read MoreThe Russo-Japanese War Essays531 Words   |  3 Pagesrebellion in 1900, but Russia had to face the anglo-japanese alliance of 1902, which promised to leave Chinese territory. The promise was not kept and in June 1903 Japan proposed a mutual agreement recognising japans interest in Korea and Russias in Manchuria and ensuring the integrity of china and Korea. Russia refused the proposal and caused the Japanese navy to launch a surprise attack to port Arthur and then blockaded the damaged Russian fleet on February 8 1904. The declarationRead MoreGovernment, Democracy, Or Authoritarianism?1552 Words   |  7 Pagesday France. French people vote directly for the President of France and there is proportional and plurality voting for the National Assembly. France has a long history of brutal and unstable rulers. After they overthrew the monarch in the French Revolution, France established the â€Å"democratic† First Republic. However it was more like an absolute government due to The Reign of Terror. Napoleon soon came into power and throughout World War 1 and 2, France went through the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Republic.Read MoreThe Realpolitik Foreign Policy Of Otto Von Bismarck1723 Words   |  7 PagesGermany became dependent on the internally struggling Austro-Hungarian empire as an ally. Wilhelm’s failure to maintain what Bismarck had set up, led Germany spiraling into WWI. 2. How did the Russo-Japanese War affect Russia? Explain the state of Russia’s economy . and government between 1894-1914. (At least three paragraphs). (9 PTS) The war between the Russians and Japanese had started on February 8th, 1904, battling for two lands which were considered as important to both countries’ success, Korea

Night World Witchlight Chapter 7 Free Essays

string(190) " What do you want to bet that Hiana’s mother really thinks my name is Kelly now\? She can’t deal with it being ‘demon,’ so she just happily changes the world to fit\." Keller faced him squarely. â€Å"Yes, sir? Or should I say ‘my lord?† He flinched but tried to hide it. â€Å"I should have told you in the beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Witchlight Chapter 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Keller wasn’t about to get into a discussion of it. â€Å"What do you want?† â€Å"Can we go in there?† He nodded toward what looked like a small library-office combination. Keller didn’t want to, but she couldn’t think of any acceptable reason to refuse. She followed him and crossed her arms when he closed the door. â€Å"You saved my life.† He wasn’t quite facing her; he was looking out the window at a cold silver sky. Against it, he had a profile like a young prince on an ancient coin. Keller shrugged. â€Å"Maybe. Maybe not. The bricks didn’t kill me; maybe they wouldn’t have killed you.† â€Å"But you were trying to save my life. I did something that was probably stupid-again-and you had to cover for me.† â€Å"I did it because it’s my job, Galen. That’s what I do.† â€Å"You got hurt because of me. When I dug myself out of that rubble, I thought you were dead.† He said it flatly, without any particular intonation. But the hairs on Keller’s arms rose. â€Å"I’ve got to get back to Diana.† â€Å"Keller.† There was something wrong with her. She was facing the door, heading out, but his voice stopped her in her tracks. â€Å"Keller. Please.† She was aware that he was coming up behind her. Her entire skin was up in gooseflesh. She was too aware of him, that was the problem. She could feel the air that he displaced. She could feel his heat. He just stood there. â€Å"Keller. Ever since I first saw you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stopped and tried again. â€Å"You were-gleaming. All that long black hair swirling around you and those silvery eyes. And then you changed. I don’t think I ever really understood what it meant to be a shape-shifter until I saw that. You were a girl and then you were a cat, but you were always both.† He let out his breath. Tm putting this badly.† Keller needed to think of something to say-now. But she couldn’t, and she couldn’t seem to move. â€Å"When I saw that, for the first time, I wanted to shapeshift. Before that, I didn’t really care, and everyone was always telling me to be careful, because whatever shape I choose the first time is the one I’m stuck with. But that’s not what I’m trying to say. I’m trying†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He reached out. Keller felt the warmth of his hand between her shoulder blades, through her hair, through the fabric of her spare jumpsuit. Keller shivered. She couldn’t help it. She felt so strange. Dizzy and supernaturally clear at the same time. Weak. She didn’t know what was happening to her, only that it was powerful and terrible. His hand remained on her back, warmth from it soaking into her skin. â€Å"I realize how much you dislike me,† Galen said quietly. There was no self-pity in his voice, but he seemed to be getting the words out painfully. â€Å"And I’m not going to try to change that. But I just wanted you to know, I also realize what you’ve done for me. I needed to say thank you.† There was something swelling in Keller’s chest like a balloon. Bigger and bigger. She clamped her lips together, frightened as she had never been when fighting monsters. â€Å"And†¦ I won’t forget it,† Galen was going on, still quiet. â€Å"Someday, I’ll find a way to repay you.† Keller felt desperate. What was he doing to her? She wasn’t in control of herself; she was trembling and terrified that the thing in her chest was going to escape. All she could imagine doing was turning around and hitting him, like a trapped animal lashing out at someone trying to rescue it. â€Å"It’s so strange,† he said, and Keller had the feeling that he had almost forgotten her and was talking to himself. â€Å"When I was growing up, I rejected the Power of my family. All my ancestors, they were supposed to turn into demons when they unleashed it. I thought that it was better not to fight- if that was possible. It seems unrealistic now.† Keller could feel more than warmth now. There were little electrical zings spreading out from his hand, running down the insides of her arms. Not real ones, of course. Not the Power he was talking about, like the Power used by the dragon or Winnie. But it felt awfully close. Her whole body was filled with buzzing. Some people shouldn’t have to fight, she thought giddily. But, no, that was insane. Everybody had to fight; that was what life was about. If you didn’t fight, you were weak. You were prey. He was still talking in that abstracted tone. â€Å"I know you think-â€Å" Keller’s panic hit flashpoint. She whirled around. â€Å"You don’t know anything about what I think. You don’t know anything about me. I don’t know whatever gave you the idea that you did.† He looked startled but not defensive. The silver light behind him lit the edges of his fine hair. â€Å"I’m sorry,† he said gently. â€Å"Stop being sorry!† â€Å"Are you saying I’m wrong? You don’t think I’m a spoiled and pampered prince who doesn’t know anything about real life and has to be baby-sat?† Keller was disconcerted. That was exactly what she thought-but if it were true, then why did she have this strange feeling of falling? â€Å"I think you’re like her,† she said, keeping her words short and brutal to keep them under control. She didn’t need to specify the her. â€Å"You’re like this whole ridiculous family. Happy mommy, happy baby, happy Christmas. They’re ready to love everybody who comes along. And they’re living in a happy happy idealistic world that has nothing to do with reality.† The corner of his mouth turned up wryly, although his eyes were still serious. â€Å"I think that’s what I said.† â€Å"And it sounds harmless, doesn’t it? But it isn’t. It’s blind and destructive. What do you want to bet that Hiana’s mother really thinks my name is Kelly now? She can’t deal with it being ‘demon,’ so she just happily changes the world to fit. You read "Night World : Witchlight Chapter 7" in category "Essay examples"† â€Å"You could be right.† He wasn’t smiling at all now, and there was something in his eyes, something lost and hopeless that made Keller feel more panicked than ever. She spoke savagely to hold off the fear. â€Å"You want to know what real life is like? My mother left me in a cardboard box in a parking lot. It was fixed up with newspapers inside, like something you’d use for a puppy. That was because I couldn’t wear diapers, I was stuck in my halfway form-a baby with a tail and ears like a cat. Maybe that was why she couldn’t deal with me, but I’ll never know. The only thing I have of hers is a note that was in the box. I kept it† Keller fumbled in the jumpsuit’s pocket. She had never meant to show this to anyone, certainly not somebody she’d known for less than twenty-four hours. But she had to convince Galen; she had to make him go away for good. Her wallet was slim-no photos, just money and ID. She pulled out a folded slip of paper, with creases worn smooth by time and writing that had faded from blue ink to pale purple. Its right edge was a ragged tear, but the words were on the left and clear enough. â€Å"It was her legacy to me,† Keller said. â€Å"She was trying to pass on the truth, what she’d learned about life.† Galen took the paper as if it were a hurt bird. Keller watched his eyes move over it. She knew the words by heart, of course, and right now she heard them ringing in her mind. There were only twelve of them-her mother had been a master of succinctness. People die†¦ Beauty fades†¦ Love changes†¦ And you will always be alone. Keller could tell where Galen was by the way his eyes widened in horror. She smiled at him, not nicely, and took the paper back. He looked at her. And despite everything she knew about him, she was surprised at the sheer depth of his shock. He stared at her with those gold-green eyes that went on for miles-and then he stepped forward. ‘You don’t believe that,† he said fiercely, and grabbed her by the shoulders. Keller was startled. He’d seen her in action. How could he be so stupid as to grab her? He seemed to be completely unaware of his danger. There was nothing calm or hesitant about him now. He was staring at her with a kind of stricken tenderness, as if she’d just told him she had a terminal disease. It was as if he were trying to pour love and warmth and light into her by a direct connection. â€Å"I won’t let you think that,† he said. â€Å"I won’t let you.† ‘It’s just the truth. If you can accept that, you won’t drown in life. Whatever happens, you’ll be able to cope.† â€Å"It’s not all the truth. If you believe it is, why do you work for Circle Daybreak?† â€Å"They raised me,† Keller said shortly. â€Å"They snatched me out of the hospital nursery when they read the reports about me in the paper. They realized what I was and that humans couldn’t take care of me. That’s why I work for them-to pay them back. It’s my job.† â€Å"That’s not the only reason. I’ve seen you work, Keller.† She could feel warmth spreading from his hands on her shoulders. She knocked them aside and stood tall. There was a core of iciness inside her, and she hung on to that. â€Å"Don’t get me wrong,† she said. â€Å"I don’t save people out of idealism. I don’t risk my neck for just anybody-only the ones I get paid for.† â€Å"You mean if Diana’s little brother was in danger, you wouldn’t save him. You’d stand there and watch him burn to death in a fire or drown in a riptide.† Keller had a sinking feeling. She held her chin up and said, â€Å"Exactly. If it meant putting myself in danger to save him, I wouldn’t do it.† He shook his head, flatly positive. â€Å"No.† The sinking feeling got worse. â€Å"That’s a lie,† he said, holding her eyes. â€Å"I’ve seen you in action. I talked to Nissa and Winnie last night. And I’ve seen your mind. You’re not just doing a job. You’re doing what you do because you think it’s right. And you are†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused as if to find the words, then spoke deliberately. â€Å"You are the soul of honor.† And you’re insane, Keller thought. She realty needed to get away now. The sinking was becoming a terrible weakness spreading through her. And although she knew that what he was saying was complete garbage, she couldn’t seem to stop listening. â€Å"You put on a good show,† Galen said, â€Å"but the truth is that you’re brave and gallant and decent. You have your own code, and you would never break it. And anybody who knows you sees that Don’t you know what your team thinks of you? You should have seen their faces-and Diana’s-when they thought you were dead in that rubble. Your soul is straight as a sword, and you have more honor than anyone I’ve ever known.† His eyes were the color of the first new leaves in spring, the kind you look up to see sunlight pouring through. Keller was a meat-eater and had never cared much about flowers or other vegetation, but now she remembered a line from a poem, and it froze in her mind like light ning: Nature’s first green is gold. This was the color the poet meant. You could drown in eyes like that. He was holding her arms again. He couldn’t seem to stop reaching for her, as if she were some soul in danger of being lost forever. â€Å"Your life’s been so hard. You deserve to have good things happen to you now-only good things. I wish†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He broke off, and a sort of tremor went through his face. No, Keller thought. I won’t let you make me weak. I won’t listen to your lies. But the problem was that Galen didn’t lie. He was one of those idiot idealist types who said what they believed. And she shouldn’t care what he believed, but she found that she did. She cared terribly. Galen just stood there looking at her with tears in his gem-bright eyes. Something ripped inside Keller. And then everything changed. Keller couldn’t understand what was happening at first. In panic, all she could think was that she was losing herself. Losing her armor, her hardness, everything she needed to keep alive. Some part of her deep inside was melting, flowing toward Galen. She tried to snatch it back, but it was no good. She couldn’t stop it With a distant shock, she realized that she had shut her eyes. She was falling, falling-and she didn’t care. Something caught her. She felt the warmth of arms around her, supporting her. And she felt herself lean into it, relaxing, letting him take some of her weight, as if someone else were controlling her body. So warm†¦ That was when Keller discovered something strange. That warmth could give you shivers. Being close like this, feeling Galen warm and solid and there to hang on to-it made a shiver of pleasure go through her. And then she felt the true connection. It wasn’t a physical thing. The spark that passed between them connected them mind to mind. It was a riveting flash of complete understanding. Her heart all but exploded. It’s you. The voice was in her mind, the same voice she’d heard yesterday when he had tried to save her from the dragon. It was filled with wonder and discovery. It’s you†¦ the one I’ve been looking for. You’re the one†¦ And Keller would have told him how insane that was, except that it was just what she was feeling herself. It was as if she had just turned around and unexpectedly found herself facing a figure from one of her dreams. A person she knew instinctively, just as she knew her own mind. I know you, too, Galen’s voice in her head said. We’re so much alike†¦ We’re not, Keller thought. But the protest sounded feeble even to her. And trying to hang on to her anger and cynicism right now seemed silly- pointless. Like a kid insisting that nobody loved her and she was going to go play on the freeway. We belong together, Galen said simply. Like this. Warm tingles. Keller could feel the force of his love like a bright light shining at her. And she couldn’t†¦resist†¦ any longer†¦ Her arms came up to hold Galen back. Her face turned up slightly, but not much, because she was tall, and their lips were already only an inch apart. The kiss was shivery, delightful, and very sweet. After an endless time of floating in a golden haze, Keller shivered again. There’s something†¦ something I have to remember†¦ I love you, Galen said back. Yes, but there’s something I’ve forgotten†¦ We’re together, he said. I don’t want to remember anything else. And that was probably true. She couldn’t really blame him. Who would want to disturb this warmth and closeness and quiet joy? Still, they had been talking about something-a long time ago, when she had been alone. Something that had made her terribly unhappy. I won’t let you be unhappy. I won’t let you be alone, either, he said. He stroked her hair with his fingertips. That was all, but it almost short-circuited Keller’s thought processes. But not completely. Alone†¦ I remember. Her mother’s note. You will always be alone. Galen’s arms tightened around her. Don’t. Don’t think about that. We’re together. I love you†¦ No. With a wrench, Keller pulled herself away. She found herself standing in the library on her own two feet, staring at Galen. He looked shocked and stricken, as if he’d just been slapped out of a dream. â€Å"Keller-â€Å" â€Å"No!† she spat. â€Å"Don’t touch me!† â€Å"I won’t touch you. But I can’t let you run away. And I can’t pretend I don’t love you.† â€Å"Love,† Keller snarled, â€Å"is weakness.† She saw her mother’s note lying on the floor where he’d dropped it and snatched it up. â€Å"And nobody is making me sentimental and weak! Nobody!† It wasn’t until she was out the door that she remembered she had left out the strongest argument of all. He couldn’t love her. It was impossible. He was destined to marry the Witch Child. The fate of the world depended on it. How to cite Night World : Witchlight Chapter 7, Essay examples

Australian Journal Of Emergency Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Journal Of Emergency Management? Answer: Introducation The event of the black Saturday bushfires is, to date, one of the biggest recorded disaster in the state of Victoria. It was a series of fires that started in January 2009 with the biggest bushfire disaster happening on the 7th of February. It was responsible for the deaths of 171 people and the destruction on 2006 homes throughout the state. Though the ignition of the fires is still thought to be arson, no party has been identified as having orchestrated the event and as such, it has been considered and treated as a natural disaster. The Victorian Royal Commission was tasked with the management of preparing a final report in order to identify probable causes and also help generate a network of solutions in case of an emergency in the future. While a suspicion remains that the fires started as a results of arson, it is also attributable to the climatic conditions of the area where a heat wave had provided a surge in temperatures. House Loss Survey Findings From the house loss survey, it is evident that not much planning had been done prior to the fires to provide for a preventive solution. The state government, people and nation as a whole had been using policies that, while effective in dealing with smaller fires, could not be implemented on a fire event of the magnitude of the Black Saturday fires. Numerous houses and property that were lost could have been salvaged or saved had effective planning been done. It was noted, however, that the disaster management operations by both the government and non-governmental organizations were exemplary and it is because of them that a large portion of the affected areas survived (Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, 2010). National Level: At a national level, planning activities for the eventualities of a fire disaster were misplaced as suggested by Denis OBryan in his paper House loss rate in a severe bushfire. He goes on to clarify that, following a paper by Ahern and Chladil written in 1999 in response to a similar bushfire crisis, it was suggested that close proximity to vegetation is directly proportional to the chance of a residential structures being consumed the same fire (Ahern and Chladil, 1999). OBryan in his paper called it out as a policy based on misquoted text (O'Bryan, 2014). It was noted that the correlation between proximity to vegetation, trees and presence of trees, proximity of combustible materials to the house or other vegetation in the compound, and the damage to houses and property was totally financial as both affected and unaffected houses had similar statistical values. It is further suggested that, rather than distance between vegetation and trees, the relevant authorities should have concentrated on distance from the ember source as the primary parameter for prevention of damage to residential property by the fires (O'Bryan, 2014). State and Territory Level: Both OBryans paper and the commissions report indicate that there were inadequate regulatory policies for the prevention of the bushfires. The commissions report indicate that the preparatory advice given by the County Fire Authority (CFA) was also not sufficient to help residents plan well in order to prevent fire damage to homes. This is indicated by the fact that 24% of houses that were prepared in compliance to the CFA advice were still either damaged or destroyed with casualties and fatalities still being reported in these incidents (O'Bryan, 2014). The government taskforces research also indicated that some residents were caught up in the fire because no timely information about it had been given and only noticed when it was too late. A large number of the people interviewed report having gotten the information about the fire and its whereabouts from friends and family who had either been affected themselves or had gotten the information from some other source. It has been reported that, while most radio and television stations talked about the fire, they did not air warning messages in good time. This and other sources indicate that a majority of the residents who got an evacuation message either via radio or via some other means only got it when it was too late to do anything but escape immediately (Booth et al., 2015). This indicates a flaw in the disaster communication system, an observation which was also made later by the Queensland Flood Commission of Inquiry after the 2011 Brisbane flooding (Insurance Council of Australia, 2011). While the government cannot entirely be blamed for untimely information, it raises a few eyebrows when the lack of it may have been directly or indirectly responsible for the deaths of 171 people. The following graph shows the disasters that have occurred in Melbourne over the last century and their location Individual/ Household Level: Another thing learnt from the house loss survey is the ineffectiveness of the prepare, stay and defend or leave early strategy. This is because, as seen in the overall demographics, a majority of the people who died, died in their homes. Some died in their yards abut as seen in the reports and data presentation, most people who died did so trying to defend their homes. The policy advises to either leave early or stay behind and prepare well for the fire. This advice may have been effective in a different scenario but with the poor communication in this particular case, most people did not have time to adequately prepare for the fires (McLennan et al., 2012). While some people were unprepared because of lack of enough time due to poor communication, some were unprepared because they did not see the need to. This is evidenced in the report when 4 out of every 5 people interviewed who were unprepared for the fires acknowledge that they did not see the need to. This has raised questions about the state and national governments role in nursing proper bushfire preparedness. For a state that had experienced a similar disaster but of a slightly lesser magnitude back in 1999, it would be expected that they would have had preparatory measures at least when the first fires broke out. However, it can be noted that a large factor contributing to how the people reacted was an assumptive attitude that sought to play down the threat until it was too late (O'Bryan, 2014). Conditions Giving Rise To Property Losses Among the conditions that gave rise to these losses are the poor advisories and regulations. This is evidenced above by the fact that CFA advisories on preparedness still did not help preserve the buildings affected by the fires. Another example is given where 12% of houses that were destroyed or damaged were compliant with either AS 3959 while another 14% were compliant with WMO regulations. The compliance to those regulations seemingly made no difference to the preservation of the houses and property. This shows a fault in the regulatory measures put in place as they were not effective at the time (O'Bryan, 2014). Another condition that provided for the losses was the attitude of the people on the wake of the disaster. A majority of the people who had not prepared their houses for disasters are noted to have not done so because they saw no need to. While it can be argued that the bushfires caught the nation by surprise, it is also a wonder that people living in areas with bushes would not put up the right measures in order to put up a formidable defense. While this condition is not attributable to the loss of property, it cannot be attributable to the loss of life (Hayes et al., 2010) Another condition that proved to contribute to the loss of houses and other effects is the lack of proper communication. As the reports indicate a very late warning alert form the radio stations, it is assumable is that poor condition did serve as a condition for the overall fire effect. In the past, proper communication has helped people going through a natural disaster similar to the one in this case. It is therefore possible to assume that it would have a similar effect on the population in question. Poor communication in this case includes with television and radio (Attiwill and Adams, 2013). Contributions Of The Victorian Royal Commission Final Report Among the contributions of the Victorian Royal Commission Final Report, the biggest is the identification of the sources and possible causes of bushfires and how they spread. Despite having experienced a similar tragedy of less magnitude back in 1999, the data, having been compared has shown some consistency ruling out the coincidences and unverified information. The repetitive data was compiled both by the states commission and independent parties either consulted by the state or publishing their work online. With this information, further preparation plans can be drawn and better preparation methods can be achieved. The information here provides a reference point in case of any planning activities (ONeil and Handmer, 2012). The report indicated that a lot of policies and regulations that were in place then had been either ineffective or not implemented well enough. One of the best examples of this is the fact that 24 out of 26 houses burnt up completely were located in Marysville, a region that has had strict building codes. The building codes, having been highly prioritizing, must have given a false sense of preparedness leading to many losing their lives and property. This report has therefore contributed to the body of knowledge about bushfires and the then method of preparedness in case of further study. The report released also highlighted the need for further research on bushfires. It provided a starting point offering statistical data both for the affected regions, property and individuals and the mode of both ignition and spread. It is with this in mind that researchers have been able to recommend solutions for the unpreparedness. The reports contribution to the research sector, while not entirely exhaustive has also helped study the human behaviour in a hid to provide for better interventions in the future. Further researches and comparisons have been done and a database created allowing for accurate and timely information management (ONeill and Handmer, 2012). The report, in highlighting the behavioural tendencies of the people, also contributed to identifying possible places and centers of mass relief. When the fires broke out and people ran, a majority of them, as indicated in the report, admitted to running to public spaces e.g. schools, parks, hospitals, police stations and churches. These places, at the time, seemed more secure than their homes. Having observed this, we can say that the report contributed to disaster management of recurrent and similar crises. While this is different from personal preparedness, disaster management goes a long way in mitigating the effects of the disasters and helping the people affected deal with the aftermath of it all (Hughes and Mercer, 2009). Conclusion: It is noteworthy that, aside from a few regulations that have been incorporated to enable the government to mitigate the effect of the fire, that no lasting solution has since been established. With this in mind, it is also noteworthy that fire preparation is important both by the individual or house hold, or the regional authority. As such, further research is still needed on this field in order to improve the chances of both human and property survival (Ladds et al., 2011) References Ahern, A., and Chladil, M., 1999. How far do bushfires penetrate urban areas? In Bushfire 99 Australian Bushfire Conference, Albury. Attiwill, P. M., Adams, M. A. (2013). management, inquiries and politics in the eucalypt forests of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 294, 45-53. Booth, K., Tranter, B., Eriksen, C. (2015). Properties under fire: why so many Australians are inadequately insured against disaster. Handmer, J., Tibbits, A. (2005). Is staying at home the safest option during bushfires? Historical evidence for an Australian approach. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 6(2), 81-91. Haynes, K., Handmer, J., McAneney, J., Tibbits, A., Coates, L. (2010). Australian bushfire fatalities 19002008: exploring trends in relation to the Prepare, stay and defend or leave early policy. Environmental science policy, 13(3), 185-194. Hughes, R., Mercer, D. (2009). Planning to reduce risk: the wildfire management overlay in Victoria, Australia. Geographical Research, 47(2), 124-141. Insurance Council of Australia. (2011). Flooding in the Brisbane River Catchment, January 2011. Sydney: ICA Hydrology Panel. Ladds, M., Handmer, J., Magee, L. (2017). A pragmatic approach to improving Australian disaster data. McLennan, J., Elliott, G., Omodei, M. (2012). Householder decision-making under imminent wildfire threat: stay and defend or leave?. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 21(7), 915-925. ONeill, S. J., Handmer, J. (2012). Responding to bushfire risk: the need for transformative auditing. Environmental Research Letters, 7(1), 014018. O'Bryan, D. (2014). House loss rate in a severe bushfire. Melbourne, Victoria: Published by Red Eagle Bushfire Protection Services. Queensland Floods Commission of Inquiry. (2012). Final Report. Queensland: Queensland Floods Commission of Inquiry. Stephens, S. L., Adams, M. A., Handmer, J., Kearns, F. R., Leicester, B., Leonard, J., Moritz, M. A. (2009). Urbanwildland fires: how California and other regions of the US can learn from Australia. Environmental Research Letters, 4(1), 014010. Tibbits, A., Handmer, J., Haynes, K., Lowe, T., Whittaker, J. (2008). Prepare, stay and defend or leave early. Community Bushfire Safety.(Eds J Handmer, K Haynes) pp, 59-71. Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission. (2010). Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission Final Report. Publisher Parliament of Victoria, Australia. Whittaker, J., Handmer, J. (2010). Community bushfire safety: a review of post-Black Saturday research. Australian Journal of Emergency Business-law, The, 25(4), 7. Whittaker, J., Haynes, K., Handmer, J., McLennan, J. (2013). Community safety during the 2009 Australian Black Saturdaybushfires: an analysis of household preparedness and response. International journal of wildland fire, 22(6), 841-849. Whittaker, J., Mercer, D. (2004). The Victorian bushfires of 200203 and the politics of blame: a discourse analysis. Australian Geographer, 35(3), 259-287

Ritalin Abuse an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Ritalin Abuse The pharmaceutical industry, working with the government and organized psychiatry, claim that such drugs as Ritalin, are a safe "treatment" for ADHD. School systems and courts have pressured and even forced parents to give stimulant drugs to their children. But hidden behind the well-oiled public relations machine is a potentially devastating reality. The problem with ADHD or ADD is already not whether or not ADHD is a subtype of ADD, but rather the problem is whether or not we should be medicating our children with drugs such as Ritalin. Need essay sample on "Ritalin Abuse" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Questions like the following often arise when discussing the issue: Are the side effects worth getting our children under control? Are all the children who are on Ritalin on it for just cause or are the drugs being abused? What does the future hold for these children who are using Ritalin and other stimulants? All these questions leave a lot parents wondering if they should put there young child on medications and what it will do to their future. Millions of children are prescribed the stimulant drugs such as Ritalin, Adderall, Concerta and Metadate for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the hope of controlling behaviors described as hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. These medications decrease restlessness, improve attention span, increase the ability to focus, decrease aggressive outbursts and improve social interaction. They are thought to work by adjusting the brain's chemical balance and reversing under-arousal, possibly by increasing the availability of certain neurotransmitters. About 75 % of children with ADHD respond well to stimulant medication with improved attention at school and increased academic productivity (Kidd, 2000). Ritalin, the most commonly prescribed stimulant for ADHD, peaks 1 to 2 hours after it's taken and effects last about 4 hours. For maximum benefit it's taken three times a day, seven days a week - in order to sustain home as well as school interactions. (Some find that although the afternoon dose eases home relationships, it may exacerbate side effects such as poor appetite and insomnia.) A slow-release form taken in the morning may last the day (at least 6 to 8 hours). A few develop "drug tolerance" and need increasing doses to suppress symptoms. (High amounts may have some growth-retarding effect, requring a drug change.) Side effects of Ritalin can include headaches, insomnia, reduced appetite and weight loss, stomach aches, occasional tics (grimaces, nail biting), a "zombie-like" stare, obsessive "over-focussing" (becoming over-engrossed) and emotional "constriction" (for instance shown by drawings where everything is miniscule or shoved tightly into a corner). Omitting the 4 p.m. dose might overcome the sleep problems but at the cost of disrupting home and family life. Most side effects can be avoided by giving smaller doses. Some children object to the "roller-coaster" feeling while on the drug, and want to feel "normal" again, leading to a drop-off in drug-taking. Some hate the idea of having their behaviour "controlled;" and some parents oppose the idea of "mind-altering" drugs for their kids (Kidd, 2000, p.20). In any case, there are always some ideals that do persuade parents into giving their children stimulants. The one of the appeals, and usually a selfish one, is that the drug gets their child under control. Parents who are fed up with their child and their behavior think that there is no other way of getting their child to behave and automatically look for a drug to get the situation changed sometimes when the child hasn't even been diagnosed with disorder yet. The appeal greatens when guilt settles in. Parents sometimes feel responsible for their child's outbreaks and by giving him or her a drug it makes the parents feel as if something chemically is wrong, and isn't because of the child's upbringing (Brink, 2004). But there are more reasonable and positive motives for using Ritalin for children with ADHD. A study was done by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), which proved that children with ADHD and taking medication to relieve symptoms had a better chance of not dropping out school, not smoking, abusing alcohol and drugs, or going to prison compared to those who with the disorder but are not on drugs (Brink, 2004). An experiment that was also done by NIMH seemed to further strengthen the belief that Ritalin does indeed work, is necessary, and leaves us with few alternatives. This experiment, which was conducted for fourteen months and involved 576 children, gave evidence that psychological therapy does not have a significant impact on children with ADHD and that drugs had a far bigger change in the children's behavior and lessened the symptoms more than therapy (Brink, 2004). Besides short-term benefits for Ritalin, some studies show that there are some long-term ones as well. In 1988 scientists found improvements in cognitive functions in reading performances. Though it wasn't positive, and is also very controversial if the drug itself was creating the improvement or if it was the drugs ability to reduce the disorders symptoms, which helps the child focus, but in the end, there still was an obvious increase in learning. Though frustration of child obedience, previously mention guilt, and hope for better grades often play a vital role in the decision of whether or not to put one's child on medication, there are some outstanding negatives that also make an impact on parents' choices on the matter. One of the major problems with Ritalin is the side effects the medication causes its users. As mentioned before, these include effects as minor as stomach pains, sleep loss, loss or appetite and irritability. But side effects can be as serious as facial tics, anxiety, insomnia, and depression. (Hancock and Wingert, 1996) Other sever symptoms include increase in blood pressure, nausea, hypersensitivity, and temporary decrease in bone growth (White and Rouge, 2003). In February of 1996, the Food and Drug Administration released a study done on mice that showed that Ritalin might even have the ability to cause a liver cancer (Hancock and Wingert, 1996). Also, in relation to side effects, is a lawsuit that took place in 2000 in California and New Jersey. Parents sued the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation for "failed to advise potential consumers... of the nature and extent of potential side effects... despite information in medical and scientific literature concerning these side effects of Ritalin use." The side effects that are being referred to are cardiovascular, central nervous system and gastrointestinal problems. The suit also investigated teachers who persuaded parents to take their children to doctors who where known for giving children Ritalin (School Law News, 2000, p.1). It is being feared by many physicians that Ritalin is being overly prescribed to children. Some doctors are seeing patients that have been told to have ADHD, but in reality have other problems such as learning difficulties or depression. Parents often even ask doctors for Ritalin, even when their child does not have a need for it, but the child's parents want to see his or her grades rise. Some doctors even admit to giving children the drug without doing much background checking of the child or any psychological tests that may prove the child has other problems. (Hancock and Wingert, 1996). ADHD is diagnosed without much hoop jumping. There are sixteen different symptoms that ADHD is connected with, and if the child has eight of them then all too often he or she is automatically considered to have ADHD; often without taking any other disorders or problems into consideration such as anxiety or depression (Donnelly, 1998). It seems as though parents are able to get their children the drug almost at demand. If they feel their child is in need of the stimulant, there is little stopping them from receiving it. Skepticism of ADHD and stimulants continue getting more serious when taking in some of the statistics. One fact that may change someone's thoughts on the disorder is that 8 in 10 children with ADHD are boys (Donnelly, 1998) But does anyone put into consideration that girls develop and become mature faster than boys? Or is it being forgotten that kids are just kids and are not always going to act as teachers and parents desire? Another issue relating to Ritalin is the possibilities of unknown long-term effects that have not yet been discovered. There have not been any long-term studies done on children who have taken Ritalin. Since ADHD cannot be tested by blood tests or any other kind of testing, there is always the chance that children are being misdiagnosed and receiving stimulants for a disorder that they do not have (Hancock and Wingert, 1996). Children sometimes have symptoms that seem like ADHD but aren't at all. The child can have problems such as chronic fear, mild seizures or even chronic ear infections, all of which may make adults assume the child has the disorder, but in reality has something completely different. Often problems at home make children act up as well. There maybe an abusive parent at home that makes a child be difficult in the classroom. In cases like these the child is not in need of drugs, but needs counseling (White and Rouge, 2003). Another negative aspect of the drug is the abuse of it. Because of the increase in prescribing Ritalin, the number of high school and college students abusing the drug has also increased. The drug is often bought from other students who are either on the drug or whose brother or sisters are. Ritalin is used by it's abuses by either being snorted or injected which gives the user a six hour mellow high, often compared to the high that cocaine gives. On college campus, sixteen percent of students questioned admitted that they had used Ritalin in an illegal way. Because of the number of abusers has increased so quickly, the country of Sweden has withdrawn Ritalin from the country completely (White and Rouge, 2003) The concept of ADHD and its medications are really hard to justify. There are some very valid reasons for putting children on the drug, especially helping them pay attention in school and having the same opportunity as the rest of the children in their classes. But the side effects are just mind boggling. I think even the slightest chance of some of these side effects mentioned would want parents to search for alternatives for their children and keep them away from the drug. Another problem about ADHD is the fact that doctors cannot find anything psychically different from the children diagnosed with the disease from those that are "normal." Dr. Thomas Millar, a retired Vancouver child psychiatrist, goes as far as to say that ADHD is a "mythical disorder"(Donnelly, 1998, p. 2). He also says that the problem is not hyper children, but rather its poor parenting. Children that act as children do- easily excited, short attention spans, and hyper (all symptoms of ADHD)- are not considered to be acting as normal children, but rather as children with a disorder. I think Dr. Millar put it best when he said, "If Tom Sawyer was around today, he'd be Ritalin, as would any other normal boy in literature. Today, parents don't have any idea of what child behavior ought to be." Parents who start giving their children this drug at ages as earlier as two, I think, are looking for quick fix and are being lazy. How can parent decide that a two year old is being hyperactive (White and Rouge, 2003)? Most two year olds are active and have little to no attention spans. I think this only teaches children that drugs are the answer to all our problems. By putting a child on a mind altering drug at such a young age, when he or she has not even started school yet, it leaves a parent with very little evidence or reason for their action. The child does not have schoolwork yet, and has little need for paying attention for long periods of time, so what does this child need the drug for? Because the child is difficult and more active than a parent wishes? It almost seems as if parents want to change their child's personality and make their childhood less interesting. I think it's very important that parents do not view Ritalin as the first and only way of calming their child down. All in all, Ritalin is a very controversial drug in our country because of its side effects and the insecurities of diagnosing ADHD. The drug carries very important help for children who are struggling to pay attention and without a doubt do have a disorder. But the number of children who are on the drug for the wrong reason is a scary thought. Are we become so impatient with our children that we do not want to take the time to discipline or help them through their problems? Have our children become so bad that we are willing to risk their health so they calm down and do not embarrass us? Our society needs to learn more about this drug that too many of us are so quickly giving to our children. References Brink, Susan. (2004, Apr. 26).Doing Ritalin Right. U.S. News & World Report, 125 (20), 76. Dalsgaard, S. et al. (2001). Reassessment of ADHD in a Historical Cohort of Children Treated with Stimulants in the Period 1969-1989. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 10, 230-239. Donnelly, Patrick. (1998, June 15). How to Fix Tom Sawyer. Ablerta Report/Newsmagazine, 25 (26), 32. Hancock, LynNell and Pat Wingert. (1996, Feb 18). Mother's Little Helper. Newsweek, 127(12), 50. Kidd, Parris M. (2000, Sep/Oct). ADHD total health management. The safe and effective alternative to Ritalin. Total Health, 22 (5). Lawsuits Say Drug Company Hyped Kids' Need For Ritalin. (2000, Sept. 29). School Law News, 28 (20), 1-2. White, Hazel L. and Baton Rouge. (Winter 2003). Ritalin Update for Counselors, Teachers, and Parents. Education 124 (3).

Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Essay Example

Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Essay Example Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Paper Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Paper In 1980, patient (plaintiff) James Johnson filed suit against Misericordia Community Hospital alleging medical malpractice. The suit specifically alleged corporate negligence in the appointment of Dr. Lester V. Salinksy (independent member) to the medical staff at Misericordia Community Hospital. During the surgery, Dr. Salinsky severed the femoral artery, resulting in partial paralysis for Johnson (casebriefs. com). Ultimately, Johnson suffered a permanent paralytic condition to his right thigh muscles with resultant atrophy and weakness as well as a loss of function after undergoing hip surgery performed by Dr. Salinsky (Showalter, 2012). Salinsky settled litigation with the plaintiff Johnson before trial, but Misericordia disputed the allegation that the hospital was negligent in the hiring of Salinsky. The issue of significance revealed during the trial of Johnson v. Misericordia Community Hospital is that Salinsky’s qualifications, medical standing and references listed on the application of employment were never verified by Misericordia. During the trial it was revealed that; Dr. Salinsky presented an application for employment with information that included significant misstatements and exclusions that should have been a cause for a denial of appointment to Misericordia’s medical staff. For example, Salinsky failed to answer questions related to his malpractice liability insurance and also failed to mention that his privileges had been suspended, diminished, revoked or not renewed at any hospital. Instead, not only were Salinsky’s requested orthopedic privileges and appointment to the hospital’s medical staff approved; Salinsky was also elevated to the position of Chief of Medical staff shortly after joining the medical staff. Misericordia’s medical staff coordinator, Jane Bekos stated that an examination of Misericordia’s records reflected that at no time was an investigation made by anyone representing Misericordia, of any of the statements recited in Salinsky’s application or employment (Showalter, 2012). This was an oversight on behalf of Misercordia despite the fact that the Salinsky’s application for employment authorized Misericordia to contact his malpractice carriers, past and present, and all the hospitals that he had previously been associated with, for the purpose of obtaining any information bearing on his professional competence, as well as his moral, and ethical qualifications for staff membership State the relevant laws that the case uses. The Doctrine of Corporate Negligence holds health-care facilities, such as hospitals, nursing homes and medical clinics, accountable for the well-being of patients. Under the Doctrine of Corporate Negligence the hospital owes certain â€Å"duties† directly to the patient, which cannot be delegated to the medical staff. Under the Doctrine of Corporate Negligence Misericordia Community Hospital, owes a duty to its patients to refrain from any act which will cause foreseeable harm to others even though the nature of that harm and identity of the harmed person or harmed interest are unknown at the time of the act (westlaw citation). The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Thompson v. Nason Hospital classified the hospital’s duties into four categories. 1) a duty to use reasonable care in the maintenance of safe and adequate facilities and equipment; 2) a duty to select and retain only competent physicians; 3) a duty to oversee all persons who practice medicine within its walls as to patient care; and 4) a duty to formulate, adopt and enforce adequate rules and policies to ensure quality care for the patients. The hospital also failed to adhere to its own bylaw provisions and to the Wisconsin statues related to medical credentialing. The respondeat superior doctrine holds an entity liable for the negligent acts of an employee arising from the course of his or her employment. At the onset of Salinsky’s employment he was an independent contractor. Hence, Johnson is not claiming Misercoridia vicariously liable for the negligence of Salinsky under respondeant superior. Salinsky would have had to be an employee of Misercordia for the respondeant superior doctrine to hold up throughout a court trial. Globally the Corporate Negligence Doctrine means that hospitals are no longer immune from tort liability when a case of negligence is brought to court. The hospital duty is owed directly to the patient. Hospitals who wish to avoid liability in cases such as Johnson v. Misercordia Community Hospital should ensure that the organization has an established and functioning credentialing system. Each application for employment should be verified including the applicant’s prior hospital affiliations and malpractice carriers. There should also be an established procedure utilized to approve medical privileges to the hospital and elevation to other positions in the hospital. The appointment and approval of medical privileges should also be approved by the governing board or executive committee after the credentials of the applicant have been verified. The adoption of corporate liability (negligence) has been linked to the rising number of medical malpractice claims, the ever increasing cost of healthcare (particularly in the United States) and also the issues related to obtaining and maintaining medical malpractice coverage for health care providers and entities. References Personal Injury and Corporate Negligence. (n. d. ). The Law Offices of Stephen R Bough. Retrieved March 15, 2014, from boughlawfirm. com/articles/personal-injury-corporate-negligence JOHNSON v. MISERICORDIA COMMUNITY HOSP. | Leagle. com. (n. d. ). JOHNSON v. MISERICORDIA COMMUNITY HOSP. | Leagle. com. Retrieved March 14, 2014, from leagle. com/decision/198180799Wis2d708_1746. xml/JOHNSON%20v. %20MISERICORDIA%20COMMUNITY%20HOSP. ’ Showalter, J. S. (2012). Liability of the Healthcare Institution. The law of healthcare administration (6th ed. , pp. 157-190). Chicago, Ill. : Health Administration Press.

Organization Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Organization Management - Essay Example Knowledge management as a practice emerged at the beginning of the 1990s and, to a certain extent, is considered as still in its infancy. According to Bounfour (2003) "KM can be defined as a set of procedures, infrastructures, technical and managerial tools, designed towards creating, circulating (sharing) and leveraging information and knowledge within and around organizations". (Bounfour, 2003, p. 156) Therefore, from this perspective, KM involves several dimensions: individual, group, organisation and networks of organizations. KM which often consists of communities can be conceptualized as groups or organizations whose primary purpose is the development and promulgation of collective knowledge. Knowledge communities are a prevalent and increasingly important form of contemporary organization. For example, all of the major social sciences are organized as knowledge communities consisting of numerous researchers whose common goal is the advancement of knowledge within their discipline (Porter, 1995). Within such communities, knowledge is typically disseminated through a variety of mechanisms. These include formal routines and procedures, such as publication of original research in scholarly journals and presentation of work-in-progress at academic conferences. Knowledge is also disseminated through various informal mechanisms, such as circulation of unpublished manuscripts and the exchange of preliminary ideas and data through electronic mail. Whether formal or informal, such mechanisms are intended to facilitate the steady accumulation, integration, and rapid diffusion of emerging insights and innovations within the community. (Levine et al, 1999, p. 164) There are two types of mobilizable knowledge within an organization: Knowledge which is assimilatable to pure information, i.e. a stock of items, having a relatively weak combinatory potential, in particular in terms of innovation: commercial information on current customers, information on the priority sectors, information on the firm. Knowledge having, on the contrary, a high combinatory potential both inside and outside the firm: such is the case, in particular, for the best practices and grey literature, whose vocation is to affirm the potentially developable added value by the company. Being furtive by nature, best practices can be combined with other best practices to produce better 'new best practices'. The same applies to the grey literature; whose vocation is to affirm the definitely distinctive character of the company's supply. The publics targeted by the use and production of this knowledge can, to a certain extent, be differentiated. Thus information of a commercial nature is addressed initially to the players in a situation of sale or in a first approach to selling services. On the other hand, the grey literature concerns initially 'the intellectuals', i.e. those in charge of the development of new activities. (Bounfour, 2003, p. 164) How organizations learn In order to gain access to the learning of organizations, we have to dig history a bit. It started when classic bureaucratic organizations started to link learning to professionalization. Therefore researchers like Swieringa and Wierdsma (Swieringa and Wierdsma, 1992, p. 140) argued that the learning organization concept may be a

International HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International HRM - Essay Example The United Kingdom is also a very masculine society, which emphasises a cultural orientation toward achievement of success and exhibiting ambition and motivation in the professional world. This culture is also driven by a short-term orientation, meaning that future gains will be more eagerly sacrificed in order to achieve rapid results, especially in business. This is especially apparent in the professional relationship between the London Stock Exchange and UK investors, using quarterly results to help investors achieve instant gains. In order to fully understand the complexities, problems or opportunities for UK-based management expanding into France, Germany and Japan, it is necessary to outline the most prominent cultural characteristics that make up societal and professional values, beliefs and orientations. This essay describes the characteristics of the French, German and Japanese business cultures to critically assess what degree of adaptability will be required by the UK-base d organization upon new foreign business market entry. Research indicates that there are some distinct differences and moderate similarities to the UK culture that will determine the strategy direction for people management in these countries. Working with French employees For people management to be effective in France, the UK-based HR team must understand the fundamentals of what drives professional culture in this country. France scores highly on the power distance metric in Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions framework. The notion of cultural power distance is defined as the level of inequality that is tolerated within a culture (Leng and Bothelo 2010). For instance, a less powerful figure (such as a subordinate employee) will be more indulgent and accepting of a more powerful figure (such as executives) maintaining disparity between ranking representatives of the business. Much of these cultural beliefs are driven by long-standing power distance between government and general society that was founded during the historical periods where France was governed by autocratic monarchy structures (Communicaid 2009). Powers in France, as it relates to business and government, have always been centralised in which business executives maintain the majority of control, thus creating organisational structures where decision-making authority is top-down rather than horizontal. French citizens further maintain a great deal of ethnocentrism, a belief in superiority of French culture and its rich history, which further supports acceptance and tolerance for power distance. For a UK human resources practitioner, there should be consideration of the high prevalence of tolerance of power distance. It is unlikely that French employees will be accustomed to working within decentralised business hierarchies that facilitate a great deal of team-working and horizontal problem-solving and decision-making. Therefore, there would be advantages for the UK manager that is attempting to facilitate more effective work processes and outcomes to take a hard approach to people management. Armstrong (2007) describes the hard HRM approach as an HR strategy that ensures more effective

Research Papaer 1 Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Papaer 1 - Research Paper Example She also discovers websites with people struggling to commit suicide. Cecilia then establishes an online chat with a 17 year old suicidal girl from South America. The girl is on a suicide trail with the enticement of a purportedly young nurse by the username, Li Dao. They make a concord to hang themselves together at a specific time in front of a webcam. As Cecilia later realizes, the nurse turns out to be a middle aged man named William. William masks himself as Cami D, Falcon Girl and Li Dao. The evidence provides a platform for inquiry into one of the most alarming computer crime syndicates. The section expounds the basic connection between interactive motivational typology and the crimes perpetrated by the computer1. On a wider scale, the section elaborates the elements of humanity that can be enticed to motivate a suicide attempt. The motives for any criminal activity are dependent on a particular technology. There are psychological behavioral motives that motivate a criminal activity. Power assurance is a behavioral motive that restores the poise of low-confidence individuals. They perpetrate criminal activities through online molestation and blackmailing of their victims2. Andrew Archambeau, a 32 year old male stalker, molests a lady she meets through an online dating cite. They meet personally and after the romance goes bad, Andrew molests her via emails. Profit driving motives are the source of most computer crimes. Offenders seek to gain from the computer crimes by defrauding their victims. In a case study, Vladimir Levin, a computer guru, defrauded a major bank of Russia funds through a fraud system. The motivators of suicidal computer crimes suffer from rage punitive, atrocious and devious behavioral motives. The case of Andrew reaches the police attention. The police warn Andrew to seize her actions. However, he proceeds with the behavior. The assistant county prosecutor charges Andrew under the law

The Pringles history

The Pringles history Pringles history Pringles were invented and first sold in 1968 in October in USA, but they were not sold across America till mid 1970s. According to the patent, the inventor of Pringles brand potato chips was reputed Alexander Liepa from Montgomery, Ohio. It is produced by the company Procter Gamble. At the beginning the potato chips had the name of Pringles Newfangled Potato Chips, but due to the entering national market it was changed. Now the global brands of Pringles are available in more than 100 different countries all over the world and they come in 45 flavours. Currently the potato chip or crisps snack is produced in North America in Jackson, Tennessee and also in Europe in Mechelen, Belgium. The name of Pringles was chosen from a Cincinnati telephone book. Pringle Avenue in Finneytown was available for trademark, and its pleasant sound appealed to the brand (brand.http://www.uk.pg.com/products/products/pringles.html). Marketing side Pringles is the biggest brand of Proctor Gamble earning over $1bn year in revenues. It is advertised in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and the Republic of Ireland with the slogan Once you pop, you cant stop and elsewhere with the slogan Everything pops with Pringles. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pringles). The potato chips of Pringles are famous of their different and unusual packaging. It is a tubular can with a foil interior, and a resealable plastic lid; it also has a famous logo, a stylized representation of a man with a large moustache and parted bangs. (http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/pringles/). All Pringles potato chips are made in the same size and packed in a can carefully, one on each not to be crushed like the chips in a bags. The way of this packaging was invented by Fredric J. Baur, who at that time worked for the Procter Gamble company in a research, development and quality control department as an organic chemist and food storage technician. Different ways of using Pringles box Because of the cardboard tube packaging, the crisp box can be used like a great Wi-Fi antenna. In some cases it is also used as a storage box for small stuff or even for the clothes. For instance, the comedian Dilbert rolls his cloths in a Pringles box that later he could change at work or in the car. Sport people can find it useful too, because the can is just the size of three tennis balls. Pringles cans are always colorful, interesting and different, so there are quite a lot of people just simply collecting them. Flavours Pringles are also unique of their wide ranger of flavour and according to the countries needs and traditions, different flavours in different countries, limited market areas: United States Original Sour Cream Onion Jalapeà ±o Prints White Cheddar Chili Cheese Pizza-licious Cheezums Ranch Spicy Cajun Fiery Hot Barbecue Salt Vinegar Reduced Fat Original Reduced Fat Sour Cream Onion Fat Free Original Fat Free Sour Cream Onion Current permanent European flavors (from the UK website): Original Paprika Sour Cream Onion Salt Vinegar Cheese Onion Hot Spicy Texas Barbecue Sauce Cheese Tomato Mozzarella Light Original Light Sour Cream Onion Current Japan flavors (from the Japan website): Lightly Salted Flavor Sour Cream Onion French Consommà © (new) Partial list of discontinued limited edition flavors : Cheddar and Sour Cream Chili Cheese Crunchy Dill (2005 flavor) Crushed Pepper Jalapeno Hickory BBQ Salt Pepper Smokey BBQ Southwestern Salsa Thai Sweet Chilli Wisconsin White Cheddar (http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/pringles/) Moreover, there are few other varieties of this product such as Pringles Select, Pringles Light Aromas, Pringles Rice infusions and Fat Free Pringles. There are several sizes of cans of 23g, 50g, 80g, 100g, 145g, 150g, 155g, 160g, 163g, 181g and 230g. Interesting facts Pringles are a marketing case study in packaging innovation. In 1982 in a Pringles commercial appeared one of the famous persons in the world Brad Pitt. Pringles cans inventor Fredric J. Baur was so proud of his creation that he requested his children to buried him in it. Baur passed on March 4, 2008 and his family put some of the ashes in a Pringles can, and the rest in a traditional urn. In the eyes of the High Court in London Pringles snacks were adjudge to be not potato crips. As the consequence the company doesnt need to pay a value-added tax, what influence the price increase too. In 2007 Proctor Gamble start selling Pringles Minis. It was unusual for the Pringles fans, because new chips were packed in a small bag instead of tubular can. The shape of the chips was exactly the same, just smaller in size.

The Missing Screw Essay example -- essays research papers

The Turn of the Screw by Henry James can be interpreted in two main ways; as a psychological thriller or a ghost story. In the book, the central character and one of the narrators, the governess, has convinced herself that the children, Miles and Flora, are seeing apparitions. Another explanation is that she herself created these images through her madness. The governess desires so much to be loved that she drives herself insane. The author also does a good job of convincing the reader that the ghosts of Miss Jessel and Peter Quint are â€Å"real.† Yet, I believe differently. There are many clues that allude to the fact that the governess is having a psychological break down do to the fact that she is lonely and yearns to be loved. I will discuss the clues that lead me to this conclusion in this paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the book, during her first interview, the governess’ job is described as, â€Å"a vision of serious duties and little company, of really great loneliness† (28). This quote proves to me that the governess’ job required very little social interaction. This gives her a lot of time for her mind to wander. Also during the interview the governess becomes physically attracted to the uncle. She uses words like handsome and pleasant to describe him. The governess is beginning to fall for the uncle, but when he leaves she finds herself alone again. There is no one around since she is so isolated at Bly. She now begins to create the first of the ap...